![]() In its earliest phase, it had three characters that were smaller in size, but they later came to match the rest of the futhark. ![]() The runes contain the oldest preserved language used in northern Europe and it is also therefore used as the foundation for all research within source text for the Germanic language stem. These runes were the first used and came to be during the Migration Period between 0-100 A.D. Altogether, about 300 runic inscriptions contain the older futhark. The Older Futhark is mainly found on objects such as swords and jewellery and can only be found on a very limited number of runestones. However, the strong aversion to using those characters, displayed through several graphical innovations points to the native characters being used as a manifest for cultural individuality. In general, the Older Futhark can itself be divided into three categories: the Old Norse runes, the Intermediate Phase, and the Late Old Norse runes.īased upon their appearance, the runes had a clear impact on the alphabet used in the Mediterranean and the Latin uppercase. It was utilised used between the years 100 A.D. The Older Futhark (or Old Norse runes as it is called in Scandinavia), contain the first runes ever used and are based upon the Old Norse language. The runes are based upon how they sound, and when the language evolves, as well as the pronunciation, so do the runes. The main reason for the alteration in the futhark is that the spoken language and the sound picture changed. In general, the futhark is divided into three parts with sub-categories: the Older Futhark, the Younger Futhark, and the Medieval Futhark. The runes have, throughout their use, been altered by the dynamic changes of history which caused some runes changing both in appearing and sound, some disappeared completely and others remained constant throughout. The word futhark, or fuþark , derives its name from the first six runes in the alphabet and the concept was coined in the latter half of the 19 th century in runological circuits. All the different runes and local variations could be a bit confusing at first, but fear not! Here we will guide you through the jungle of the futhark’s rich history. ![]() Runes, the style of writing adopted in Scandinavia over a long period of time, have also been found in more widespread areas outside of Scandinavia. It is therefore not strange that the Futhark, which the runic alphabet is called, has undergone its fair share of changes and development in different directions during its period of use, thus resulting in several different types of futhark.
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